Workshop

What we see:

• There are a marked number of degenerate neutrophils present. Rod bacteria are present in mats throughout the sample and are often found within neutrophil cytoplasm.  
• Epithelial cells are present individually and in small clusters. These cells exhibit mild to sometimes moderate atypia (mild to sometimes moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, small prominent nucleoli). 
  
  
• Interpretation: Marked neutrophilic inflammation with evidence of bacterial infection; mild to moderate transitional epithelial cell atypia, suspect dysplasia
  
  

Let's talk about this case...

• Holy urinary tract infection, Batman! The degree of inflammation and bacterial infection in this sample is overwhelming. Someone get this poor pup some antibiotics! 
• The epithelial cells are relatively underwhelming in terms of atypia. Yes, there is some atypia, but it's not "that bad", all things considered. Given the insane amount of inflammation and infection present, it's very plausible that this degree of atypia could be attributed to non-neoplastic dysplasia (where the epithelial cells are just pissed and thus atypical-looking, versus being neoplastic). Additionally, Peach is a young dog with classic symptoms of a UTI. While it's not impossible for young dogs to get cancer of course, a UTI with secondary transitional epithelial cell dysplasia would be most likely in this case. 
• Possible options for next steps: You could go ahead and treat the urinary tract infection and see if the clinical signs go away or are persistent. If persistent, further evaluation would be warranted, such as abdominal ultrasound to check the urinary tract for any mass lesions or other abnormalities. A BRAF test could also be considered, though it is an expensive test, so might be worth waiting to see if the symptoms resolve after treatment of the UTI.